![]() ![]() The fluids and proteins that constitute lymphatic fluid move from the bloodstream into the interstitial spaces. The lymphatic and cardiovascular systems are intimately related. It contains a variety of white blood cells (mostly lymphocytes) and, on occasion, red blood cells. Lymph is a clear, sometimes milky-colored or yellow-tinged fluid. In addition, the lymphatic system plays an undesirable role in providing at least one pathway for the spread of malignancy. Production of lymphocytes within the lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and bone marrowĪbsorption of fat and fat-soluble substances from the intestinal tract Phagocytosis-the ingestion and digestion by cells of solid substances such as other cells, bacteria, and bits of dead tissue or foreign particles-is a specific function of cells in lymph nodes Without lymphatic drainage, fluid would build up in interstitial spaces because more fluid leaves capillaries than veins can absorb.įiltration of fluid before it is returned to the bloodstream, filtering out substances that could be harmful to the body, and filtering microorganisms from the blood ![]() Movement of lymph fluid within the cardiovascular system, a major factor in the maintenance of fluid balance. This wide-ranging presence is essential to the system’s role in immunologic and metabolic processes. An integral part of the immune system, the lymphatic system supports a network of defenses against microorganisms.Įxcept for the placenta and the brain, every tissue supplied by blood vessels has lymphatic vessels. When the immune system fails, the individual may experience a variety of illnesses, such as an allergic reaction or an immunodeficiency-either congenital or acquired (e.g., infection with human immunodeficiency virus ), or autoimmune, that is allergy to oneself (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus). Tissue rejection of transplanted organs is an unwelcome manifestation of immunocompetence. When it functions well, the individual has a competent immune system with a normal immune response to antigen exposure. The immune system protects the body from the antigenic substances of invading organisms, removes damaged cells from the circulation, and provides a partial barrier to the maturation of malignant cells within the body. Drug history is reviewed for specific known causative agents.Lymphatic system (lymphoreticular system). Symptoms are a primary local ulcerative lesion, regional lymphadenopathy. read more, farm animals for brucellosis, wild animals for tularemia Tularemia Tularemia is a febrile disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis it may resemble typhoid fever. Symptoms range from none to benign lymphadenopathy, a mononucleosis-like illness, to life-threatening central nervous system (CNS) disease. read more ) and possible exposures (eg, cat feces for toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Symptoms are either severe pneumonia or large, tender lymphadenopathy with high fever, often progressing to septicemia. read more, American Southwest for plague Plague and Other Yersinia Infections Plague is caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis. Symptoms begin as an acute febrile illness with few or no localized signs and may progress to a chronic stage. ![]() Patients are queried about contacts who are ill (to assess risk of TB or viral illnesses, such as Epstein-Barr virus), sexual history (to assess risk of sexually transmitted infections), travel history to areas of endemic infections (eg, Middle East for brucellosis Brucellosis Brucellosis is caused by Brucella species, which are gram-negative bacteria. Past medical history should identify risk factors for (or known) TB or HIV infection, and cancer (particularly use of alcohol and/or tobacco). ![]()
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